Jirgin dogo mai sauri da tsada
Jirgin jigilar kaya na dogo tsakanin Sin da Turai cikin sauri da tsada
Sakamakon zuba jari daga gwamnatin kasar Sin, sufurin sufurin jiragen kasa na ba da damar jigilar kayayyaki daga arewaci da tsakiyar kasar Sin kai tsaye zuwa kasashe da dama na Turai, a wasu lokutan kuma a kai nisan mil na karshe ta hanyar mota ko gajerun hanyoyin ruwa.Muna duban fa'idar jigilar jigilar kaya tsakanin China da Turai, manyan hanyoyin mota, da wasu la'akari masu amfani lokacin jigilar kaya ta dogo.
Fa'idodin jigilar kaya na dogo Gudun jigilar kaya: Ya fi jirgi sauri
Tafiyar dogo daga China zuwa Turai, daga tasha zuwa tasha, kuma ya danganta da hanyar, yana ɗaukar kwanaki 15 zuwa 18.Wato kusan rabin lokacin da ake ɗaukar kwantena ta jirgin ruwa.
Tare da waɗannan gajerun lokutan wucewa, kasuwanci za su iya mayar da martani da sauri don canza buƙatun kasuwa.Bugu da ƙari, gajeriyar lokutan wucewa yana haifar da ƙarin jujjuyawar kuma don haka ƙarancin jari a cikin sarkar samarwa.A takaice dai, 'yan kasuwa na iya 'yantar da jarin aiki da rage farashin jari.
Adana farashi akan biyan riba akan hannun jari wata fa'ida ce.Don haka layin dogo hanya ce mai ban sha'awa ga jigilar ruwa don kayan lantarki masu daraja, misali.
Farashin: Kasa da tsada fiye da jirgin sama
Jirgin ruwan teku yana ba da mafi ƙarancin farashi, kuma a halin yanzu shine mafi kyawun hanyar jigilar kaya zuwa ko daga China.Koyaya, lokutan wucewa suna da tsayi.Don haka, lokacin da saurin yana da mahimmanci, jigilar iska ta shigo cikin wasa, kodayake farashin ya fi girma.
Dangane da wurin tashi, wurin zuwa da girma, jigilar kaya daga kofa zuwa kofa ta hanyar jigilar dogo ya kai kusan ninki biyu na farashin jigilar teku da kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na kuɗin aika kaya ta iska.
Misali: kwandon mai ƙafa 40 na iya ɗaukar kaya kilogiram 22,000.Ta jirgin kasa, farashin zai kusan dalar Amurka 8,000.Ta teku, wannan kaya zai kai kusan dalar Amurka 4,000 kuma ta iska USD 32,000.
A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, layin dogo ya sanya kansa kai tsaye tsakanin teku da iska, kasancewar ba shi da tsada fiye da jigilar jiragen sama da sauri fiye da jigilar kayayyaki ta ruwa.
Dorewa: Mafi kyawun muhalli fiye da jigilar iska
Jirgin ruwan teku ya kasance mafi kyawun yanayin sufuri.Koyaya, hayaƙin CO2 don jigilar kaya na dogo ya ragu sosai fiye da na jigilar iska, hujjar da ke ƙara zama mahimmanci.
Hanyoyin jigilar kayayyaki na dogo tsakanin Sin da Turai
Akwai manyan hanyoyi guda biyu don jiragen dakon kaya, tare da adadin ƙananan hanyoyin:
1. Hanyar kudanci ta Kazakhstan da kudancin Rasha ta fi dacewa da jigilar kaya zuwa tsakiyar kasar Sin, misali yankunan da ke kewaye da Chengdu, Chongqing da Zhengzhou.
2. Hanyar arewa ta Siberiya ta dace da jigilar kwantena ga yankunan arewa da ke kusa da Beijing, Dalian, Suzhou da Shenyang.A Turai, tashoshi mafi mahimmanci sune Duisburg da Hamburg a Jamus, da Warsaw a Poland.
Rail yana da kyau ga kasuwancin da kayansu ke da tsawon rayuwa wanda ya yi tsayi da yawa don ba da izinin jigilar kaya ta ruwa.Har ila yau, yana da ban sha'awa ga ƙananan ƙananan kayayyaki inda jigilar iska ke da tsada sosai.
Yawancin jigilar dogo daga Asiya zuwa Turai don masana'antu ne kamar kera motoci, mabukaci, dillalai da kayan kwalliya, masana'antu da fasaha.Yawancin samfuran an tsara su ne don Jamus, kasuwa mafi girma, amma isar da kayayyaki kuma suna zuwa ƙasashen da ke kewaye: Belgium, Netherlands, Faransa, Denmark, Switzerland kuma wani lokaci ya kan kai zuwa Burtaniya, Spain da Norway.
Haɓaka kayayyaki daban-daban a cikin jigilar kaya mai cikakken sarrafawa
Bugu da ƙari ga cikakkun nauyin kwantena (FCL), ƙasa da lodin kwantena (LCL) sun kasance kwanan nan, tare da masu samar da kayan aiki suna tsara haɓaka da yawa daga abokan ciniki daban-daban zuwa cikakkun kwantena.Wannan yana sa layin dogo ya zama mafita mai ban sha'awa don ƙananan kaya.
Misali, DSV yana ba da sabis na layin dogo na LCL kai tsaye yana gudana akai-akai:
1. Shanghai zuwa Duesseldorf: sabis na kaya na mako-mako yana cika kwantena 40 mai ƙafa biyu
2. Shanghai zuwa Warsaw: kwantena shida zuwa bakwai masu ƙafa 40 a mako
3. Shenzhen zuwa Warsaw: kwantena mai ƙafa 40 zuwa ɗaya zuwa biyu a mako
A cikin 'yan shekarun baya-bayan nan, kasar Sin ta zuba jari mai yawa a kan hanyar layin dogo tsakanin Asiya da Turai a karkashin shirin Belt and Road Initiative, ta gina tashoshi da layin dogo.Waɗannan saka hannun jari suna nuna ma ɗan gajeren lokutan wucewa da ƙarancin farashi a cikin dogon lokaci.
Ƙarin haɓakawa suna kan hanya.Za a yi amfani da kwantena na Reefer (mai firiji) akan ma'auni mafi girma.Wannan zai ba da damar da za a iya sarrafa abubuwan da ke lalacewa da kyau.A halin yanzu, jigilar iska ita ce hanyar farko ta jigilar abubuwa masu lalacewa, wanda shine mafita mai tsada.Ana kuma duba yuwuwar jigilar manyan kwantena da kayayyaki masu haɗari.
Abin da za a yi la'akari lokacin jigilar kaya ta hanyar jirgin ƙasa Intermodal jigilar kaya daga kofa zuwa kofa
Kamar dai yadda sufurin jiragen sama da na teku, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar motsi na kayanku na gaba da bayan jigilar kaya.Don jigilar kaya na dogo, kuna buƙatar tattara kayan a cikin akwati wanda za'a iya hayar a ma'ajiyar kwantena na ma'aikacin dogo.Idan ma'ajiyar ku tana kusa da ma'ajiyar kwantena, zai iya zama fa'ida don matsar da kaya ta hanya zuwa ma'ajiyar don canjawa wuri zuwa kwantena a wurin, maimakon hayan kwantena mara komai don lodawa a harabar ku.Ko ta yaya, idan aka kwatanta da tashoshin jiragen ruwa na ruwa, masu aikin jiragen kasa suna da ƙananan ma'ajiyar ajiya.Don haka kuna buƙatar yin la'akari da jigilar kayayyaki zuwa kuma daga ma'ajiyar, kamar yadda sararin ajiya ya fi iyakance.
Ciniki takunkumi ko kauracewa
Wasu kasashen da ke kan hanyar suna fuskantar takunkumi ko kauracewa daga kasashen Turai da kuma akasin haka, wanda ke nufin cewa wasu kayayyaki na iya zama haramun ga wasu kasashe.Har ila yau, ababen more rayuwa na Rasha sun tsufa sosai kuma matakin saka hannun jari ya yi kasa da na kasar Sin misali.Akwai kuma cewa akwai bukatar a ketare iyakokin da dama tsakanin kasashen da ba a kulla yarjejeniyar kasuwanci ba.Guji jinkiri ta hanyar tabbatar da cewa takardunku suna cikin tsari.
Kula da yanayin zafi
A duk lokacin da aka yi jigilar kaya ta hanyar dogo, akwai bambance-bambancen yanayin zafi da yawa a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci waɗanda ke buƙatar la'akari da su.A kasar Sin, yana iya zama mai dumi sosai, yayin da a cikin Rasha, da kyau a karkashin daskarewa.Waɗannan canjin zafin jiki na iya haifar da matsala ga wasu kayayyaki.Bincika tare da mai ba da kayan aikin ku irin matakan da ake ɗauka lokacin jigilar kaya waɗanda ke buƙatar jigilar yanayin zafin jiki da ajiya.
